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Design for All in the context of information and communications technology is the conscious and systematic effort to proactively apply principles, methods and tools to promote universal design in computer-related technologies, including Internet-based technologies, thus avoiding the need for ''a posteriori'' adaptations, or specialised design (Stephanidis et al., 2001).〔(User Interfaces for All: Concepts, Methods and Tools. Constantine Stephanidis, (Ed.) Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001 ), Accessed 2009-10-05.〕 Design for All is design for human diversity, social inclusion and equality (EIDD Stockholm Declaration, 2004). It should not be conceived of as an effort to advance a single solution for everybody, but as a user-centred approach to providing products that can automatically address the possible range of human abilities, skills, requirements, and preferences. Consequently, the outcome of the design process is not intended to be a singular design, but a design space populated with appropriate alternatives, together with the rationale underlying each alternative, that is, the specific user and usage context characteristics for which each alternative has been designed. Traditionally, accessibility problems have been solved with adaptations and the use of Assistive Technology products has been a technical approach two obtain adaptations. Universal Access implies the accessibility and usability of information and telecommunications technologies by anyone at any place and at any time and their inclusion in any living context. It aims to enable equitable access and active participation of potentially all people in existing and emerging computer-mediated human activities, by developing universally accessible and usable products and services and suitable support functionalities in the environment. These products and services must be capable of accommodating individual user requirements in different contexts of use, independent of location, target machine, or runtime environment. Therefore the approach aiming to grant the use of equipment or services is generalized, seeking to give access to the Information Society as such. Citizens are supposed to live in environments populated with intelligent objects, where the tasks to be performed and the way of performing them are completely redefined, involving a combination of activities of access to information, interpersonal communication, and environmental control. Citizens must be given the possibility of carrying them out easily and pleasantly. For a thorough discussion of the challenges and benefits of Design for All in the context of ICT today, see also the EDeAN White Paper (2005)〔(EDeAN White Paper: promoting Design for All and e-Accessibility in Europe ), Accessed 2009-10-05.〕 and the "Report on the impact of technological developments on eAccessibility"〔(Report on the impact of technological developments on eAccessibility ), Accessed 2009-10-05.〕 of the DfA@eInclusion project.〔(DfA@eInclusion project website ), Accessed 2009-10-05.〕 ==Benefits and challenges== The European Commission Communication on e-Accessibility,〔(Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: e Accessibility, Brussels 2005 ), Accessed 2009-10-05.〕 identified a core of practical challenges, as well as market, legal and policy issues towards improving eAccessibility and e-Inclusion in Europe, and elaborated a three-fold approach based on: * accessibility requirements in public procurement * accessibility certification and * better use of existing legislation. In that respect, the challenges that need to be addressed include: * the introduction of specific legislative measures to complement and enhance existing legislation, * addressing and motivating the industry, * effective benchmarking, * providing harmonised standardisation, * the creation of a curriculum for DfA and, * addressing future research activities. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Design for All (in ICT)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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